Association Between Comorbidities and Activity Level (K-Level) in Patients with Lower-Limb Amputation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25759/spmfr.530Abstract
Lower limb amputations are a common condition associated with functional limitations and a significant impact on quality of life. The decision to provide or not provide prostheses to these patients is complex, requiring specialized evaluation. Currently, there are no universally accepted and validated criteria to guide prosthetic candidacy, making this process frequently complex and challenging. The functional classification system of activity levels (K-level) is one of the tools commonly used to support this decision, although it does not systematically take into account other relevant factors such as associated comorbidities. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between the comorbidities of patients with lower limb amputations and the activity level (K level) assigned by a rehabilitation medicine specialist.
Methods: This is a retrospective observational study including 116 patients admitted to a first consultation for amputee rehabilitation between January 2022 and December 2023.
Results: Statistically significant relationships (p < 0.05) and strong associations (Cramer's V ≥ 0.50) were found between K-Level and comorbidities such as stroke and peripheral vascular disease (PVD). In subgroup analysis, a strong association was observed between K-Level and the comorbidities PVD and diabetes, both more prevalent in lower K-Levels. Conditions such as myocardial infarction, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, and dyslipidemia also showed significant association, though considered moderate. On the other hand, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, and smoking were not associated with K-Level.
Conclusion: Patients with lower K levels (K0 and K1) exhibit a significantly higher number of comorbidities when compared to patients with higher K levels (K2 and K3). The comorbidities stroke, diabetes mellitus, and peripheral artery disease are associated with lower K levels.
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